An illustration · invented records · this source is real
Clinical and Genomic Risk to Guide the Use of Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer
Sparano JA, Gray RJ, Ravdin PM, Makower DF, et al. (2019). New England Journal of Medicine. PubMed 31157962 · DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa1904819 · PubMed record
What kind of source: Secondary analysis of TAILORx. Where it sits in the summary: Still being studied. Back to the summary
What it says, in plain language
Asks whether tumor size and grade add anything to the score. They do add prognostic information, and the authors explain the limits of interpreting a trial designed to compare whether one treatment is no worse than another.
Source access: the full text was read as a PubMed Central author manuscript. It is linked rather than reproduced because redistribution is not permitted for this copy. Open the PubMed record and follow its PMC link.
The exact words we relied on
“Clinical-risk stratification provided prognostic information that, when added to the 21-gene recurrence score, could be used to identify premenopausal women who could benefit from more effective therapy.” — PMID:31157962, Abstract, Conclusions
“caution is warranted when withdrawing potentially lifesaving therapy on the basis of a noninferiority trial such as TAILORx, especially when the findings are biologically plausible and supported by population-level data, as described here.” — PMID:31157962, Discussion (PMC author manuscript)
How these quotes were checked
Follow the passage links above to the included paper or public source record.
Full text, author manuscript. The publicly available PMC author manuscript was retrieved on 2026-09-08 and read. Abstract quotes were checked against the cached PubMed record; body-text quotes were checked by exact string match against that manuscript. An author manuscript can differ in wording from the final journal version.
Limits of this source
Exploratory analyses not adjusted for multiple comparisons, by the authors’ own statement. The practical implications are mostly for women 50 or younger.
Review
Reviewed by Sarah Kiselycznyk · September 10, 2026. Review scope and verification method: How we researched this.